# How should data centers use water?

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# Sources

## Data Center Dividends

Source ID: bpi-data-center-dividends
Author / publisher: Bitcoin Policy Institute
Source type: think_tank_report
Date: 2026-09-09

Original: https://www.btcpolicy.org/articles/data-center-dividends

## Lancaster AI Hub

Source ID: agreement-lancaster
Author / publisher: City of Lancaster
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Public draft · execution unverified

Original: https://www.cityoflancasterpa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/11/Lancaster-CBA-Draft.pdf

## QTS confirms plans for proposed data center campus in Bessemer

Source ID: fpc-3167da931d
Author / publisher: wbrc.com
Source type: news_report
Date: 2026-07-02

Original: https://www.wbrc.com/2026/07/02/qts-confirms-plans-proposed-data-center-campus-bessemer/

## Microsoft agrees to make data centers air-cooled amid water infrastructure challenges in Goodyear

Source ID: fpc-922e2306e2
Author / publisher: abc15.com
Source type: news_report
Date: 2023-03-15

Original: https://www.abc15.com/news/business/microsoft-agrees-to-make-data-centers-air-cooled-amid-water-infrastructure-challenges-in-goodyear

## Hermantown Data Center

Source ID: agreement-hermantown
Author / publisher: City of Hermantown
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Public draft · execution unverified

Original: https://hermantownmn.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/04/Development-AgreementData-Center.pdf

## Cooling and water terms in a local discussion

Source ID: reddit-water
Author / publisher: u/Party_Donut443 · r/StLouis
Source type: Reddit
Date: 4 months ago · exact date unverified

Stored excerpt: Use a closed-loop system and air-cooled chillers to minimize water consumption.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/StLouis/comments/1srzqt7/data_center_terms/

## Coloradans Should Require Data Center Measurements They Can Trust

Source ID: doc-linked-09
Author / publisher: Benjamin Xie; Cody Ke; Makenzy Caldwell / FAS
Source type: policy-proposal
Document status: Policy proposal
Date: 2026-08-26

Original: https://fas.org/publication/coloradans-should-require-data-center-measurements-they-can-trust/

## Fort Meade commissioners pass development agreement for data center, despite pushback from residents

Source ID: fpc-c02175b816
Author / publisher: baynews9.com
Source type: news_report
Date: 2026-04-15

Original: https://baynews9.com/fl/tampa/news/2026/04/15/fort-meade-data-center-approved-despite-residents-concerns

## Community Benefits Agreements and Data Center Development

Source ID: doc-linked-08
Author / publisher: Vincent Nolette / Sabin Center Climate Law Blog
Source type: university-law-blog-analysis
Document status: Legal commentary
Date: 2026-05-28

Original: https://blogs.law.columbia.edu/climatechange/2026/05/28/community-benefits-agreements-and-data-center-development/

## J5 development & utilities

Source ID: agreement-piqua
Author / publisher: City of Piqua
Source type: Agreements
Document status: City reports executed; scanned counterpart/addendum review pending

Original: https://piquaoh.org/DocumentCenter/View/3713/Development-Agreement-PDF

## Building Community-First AI Infrastructure

Source ID: pub-microsoft-community-first
Author / publisher: Microsoft
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-01-13

Stored excerpt: We’ll pay our way to ensure our datacenters don’t increase your electricity prices.

Original: https://blogs.microsoft.com/on-the-issues/2026/01/13/community-first-ai-infrastructure/

## Council Bluffs council denies proposed moratorium on new data centers

Source ID: fpc-48130f4cc8
Author / publisher: kmaland.com
Source type: news_report
Date: 2026-06-16

Original: https://www.kmaland.com/news/council-bluffs-council-denies-proposed-moratorium-on-new-data-centers/article_57610dda-a991-41c5-99a5-d4bd772cd936.html

## St. Louis board allows data center near Armory to move forward with new rules

Source ID: fpc-ee47f06289
Author / publisher: stlpr.org
Source type: news_report
Date: 2026-07-30

Original: https://www.stlpr.org/health-science-environment/2026-07-30/st-louis-board-allows-data-center-near-armory-to-move-forward-with-new-rules

## Advancing responsible water use at our data centers

Source ID: pub-google-water
Author / publisher: Google
Source type: corporate_statement

Original: https://www.datacenters.google/water/

## Amazon Supports Responsible Data Center Development

Source ID: pub-amazon-responsible-development
Author / publisher: Amazon
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-08-11

Original: https://press.aboutamazon.com/2026/8/amazon-supports-responsible-data-center-development

## Changing security obligations

Source ID: 2097594604447318024
Author / publisher: SandhuJonathan
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-09

Stored excerpt: So the security must resize automatically, survive bankruptcy and transfer, and trigger reopening when those states change.

Original: https://x.com/SandhuJonathan/status/2097594604447318024

## How Meta’s Data Centers Support American Energy, Jobs, the Environment, and Local Communities

Source ID: pub-meta-community
Author / publisher: Meta
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-03-04

Original: https://about.fb.com/news/2026/03/meta-data-centers-support-energy-jobs-environment-local-communities/

## Microsoft data centers will use up to 8.4M gallons of water each year, records show

Source ID: fpc-63660aba8e
Author / publisher: wpr.org
Source type: news_report
Date: 2025-09-17

Original: https://www.wpr.org/news/microsoft-data-centers-8-million-gallons-water-each-year

## Advancing Water Stewardship in Our Data Center Communities

Source ID: pub-meta-water
Author / publisher: Meta
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2025-12-17

Original: https://about.fb.com/news/2025/12/advancing-water-stewardship-in-metas-data-center-communities/

## Mecklenburg budget bottom line: ‘Doing so great’

Source ID: mecklenburg-dividend
Author / publisher: sovanow.com
Source type: news_report
Date: 2025-04-09

Original: https://www.sovanow.com/articles/mecklenburg-budget-bottom-line-doing-so-great/

## Limits to compensation

Source ID: reddit:t1_p78zn7q
Author / publisher: u/BRICH999 · r/NoStupidQuestions
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-01

Stored excerpt: How much would you want for compensation for not having access to water? If i gave you a new paved road would you give up all access to water? If they built a hospital would you be ok with your electricity bill spiking by an unknown amount but at least 30% in the first year? If i made a sidewalk can I rev my truck out front of your house all day and night 365 days per year? See where this falls apart?

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/NoStupidQuestions/comments/1w4o0em/why_dont_people_negotiate_with_data_centers/p78zn7q/

## Stargate Community

Source ID: pub-openai-stargate-community
Author / publisher: OpenAI
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-01-20

Stored excerpt: Funding the incremental generation and grid upgrades our load requires

Original: https://openai.com/index/stargate-community/

## Briefing 08/12/2026

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2026-08-12
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2026-08-12

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-08122026

## Beale Data Center

Source ID: agreement-desoto-development
Author / publisher: www.desotoks.us
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Final redacted copy; signatures pending review

Original: https://www.desotoks.us/DocumentCenter/View/3805/Final-Development-Agreement-De-Soto---Mount-Sunflower

## Negotiated public facilities

Source ID: reddit:t3_1w4o0em
Author / publisher: u/EveryDifference3393 · r/NoStupidQuestions
Source type: social-post
Date: 2026-09-01

Stored excerpt: like, they can build and they'll be green lit, if, they build a hospital, if they pave the roads, if they give funding to make cities more walkable, if they pay enough to eliminate certain taxes, they build a water treatment plant, and they build their own power plant, as well as contribute green energy to the grid.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/NoStupidQuestions/comments/1w4o0em/why_dont_people_negotiate_with_data_centers/

## Covering electricity price increases from our data centers

Source ID: pub-anthropic-electricity
Author / publisher: Anthropic
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-02-11

Stored excerpt: Cover grid infrastructure costs

Original: https://www.anthropic.com/news/covering-electricity-price-increases

## Briefing 07/13/2026

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2026-07-13
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2026-07-13

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-07132026

## Commitment to Communities

Source ID: pub-qts-community
Author / publisher: QTS Data Centers
Source type: corporate_statement

Original: https://qtsdatacenters.com/commitments/

## Briefing 03/27/2026

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2026-03-27
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2026-03-27

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/pwtb5jh5cf7emexbr41h0ym29ywax0

## Local operating independence

Source ID: 2097452104633946493
Author / publisher: SandhuJonathan
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: Can local operators maintain, repair and reconfigure the capability without vendor permission?

Original: https://x.com/SandhuJonathan/status/2097452104633946493

## Our Approach to Responsible Growth

Source ID: pub-vantage-responsible-growth
Author / publisher: Vantage Data Centers
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-03-26

Original: https://blog.vantage-dc.com/2026/03/26/our-approach-to-responsible-growth/

## Briefing 03/13/2026

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2026-03-13
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2026-03-13

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/briefing-03132026

## Built for data. Grounded in community.

Source ID: pub-prime-community
Author / publisher: Prime Data Centers
Source type: corporate_statement

Original: https://primedatacenters.com/community-commitment/

## Actual water use

Source ID: 2097374278148653430
Author / publisher: devansky_jon
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: Towns should add a hard cap on gallons actually used, metered, with cuts required in a drought.

Original: https://x.com/devansky_jon/status/2097374278148653430

## Project Blue

Source ID: agreement-pima-moa
Author / publisher: pima.legistar.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Approved; public copy county signature blank

Original: https://pima.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=15028222&GUID=0971B1C5-6857-4D43-B80D-3EDE758CEFB1

## Data location and coastal siting

Source ID: reddit:t1_p4gjzya
Author / publisher: u/nikulmmadhu · r/AskTheWorld
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-08-18

Stored excerpt: personally i want to see more data centers because i want our data to stay inside the country. they also create jobs and improve the infrastructure around them as well as the surrounding supply chain but they should be built near the sea and use treated seawater for cooling with solar energy as their main energy source

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/AskTheWorld/comments/1vrv2ji/do_you_want_your_country_to_build_ai_data_centers/p4gjzya/

## Frye Road Data Center

Source ID: agreement-chandler-frye
Author / publisher: public.destinyhosted.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Proposed agenda copy with blank signatures

Original: https://public.destinyhosted.com/chanddocs/2024/CC/20240715_1417/6280_CBREIM_Frye_Data_Center_Development_Agreement_-_FINAL.pdf

## Digital Realty Publishes 2025 Impact Report, Highlighting Sustainability Progress

Source ID: pub-digital-realty-impact
Author / publisher: Digital Realty
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-05-27

Original: https://investor.digitalrealty.com/news-releases/news-release-details/digital-realty-publishes-2025-impact-report-highlighting

## Briefing 01/16/2026

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2026-01-16
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2026-01-16

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-01162026

## Peanut Data Center

Source ID: agreement-chesterfield-peanut
Author / publisher: www.chesterfield.gov
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Government copy; handwritten date/signatures pending

Original: https://www.chesterfield.gov/DocumentCenter/View/48235/Peanut-Tax-Rate-and-Water-Agreement-PDF

## Oracle AI Infrastructure in 2026 and Our Commitment to Local Communities

Source ID: pub-oracle-community-2026
Author / publisher: Oracle
Source type: corporate_statement
Date: 2026-01-26

Stored excerpt: Oracle is committed to paying our own way on energy

Original: https://www.oracle.com/news/announcement/blog/oracle-ai-infrastructure-in-2026-and-our-commitment-to-local-communities-2026-01-26/

## Frontline Framework Community Guiding Principles

Source ID: pub-naacp-frontline-principles
Author / publisher: NAACP
Source type: community_statement
Date: 2025-09-04

Original: https://naacp.org/resources/frontline-framework-community-guiding-principles

## Briefing 12/05/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-12-05
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-12-05

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-12052025

## Statement of LIUNA General President Brent Booker on Responsible Data Center Development

Source ID: pub-liuna-responsible-development
Author / publisher: Laborers’ International Union of North America (LIUNA)
Source type: labor_statement
Date: 2026-08-25

Original: https://www.liuna.org/news/story/statement-of-liuna-general-president-brent-booker-on-responsible-data-center-development

## Briefing 11/21/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-11-21
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-11-21

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-11212025

## Oregon resource route

Source ID: 2097325918213869603
Author / publisher: DesignClimate
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: Check out resources assembled by the Oregon Data Center Advisory Committee.

Original: https://x.com/DesignClimate/status/2097325918213869603

## Proctors Creek Water Reuse Study

Source ID: agreement-chesterfield-effluent
Author / publisher: Chesterfield County
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Signed study agreement, December 19, 2025

Original: https://www.chesterfield.gov/DocumentCenter/View/48255/Agreement-for-Evaluation-of-Improved-Effluent-Quality-and-Conveyance-at-Proctors-Creek-Wastewater-Treatment-Plant-PDF

## Demand assumptions and economic reports

Source ID: reddit:t1_p1i164g
Author / publisher: u/ms_ashes · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-08-03

Stored excerpt: Studies also assume continued growth in demand for data centers, and that's not necessarily a safe assumption, as most current data center demand is being driven by LLM AI, which is being supported by some pretty unsafe investment strategies.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1veb1gx/guaranteed_tax_revenue_river_funding_affordable/p1i164g/

## Resolution 7: We Want Good Jobs Today and Tomorrow

Source ID: pub-aflcio-data-center-jobs
Author / publisher: AFL-CIO
Source type: labor_statement
Date: 2026-06-09

Original: https://aflcio.org/resolutions/resolution-7-we-want-good-jobs-today-and-tomorrow

## Briefing 10/24/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-10-24
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-10-24

Original: https://datacenterwatch.substack.com/p/briefing-10242025

## Cooling and indirect water demand

Source ID: reddit:t1_p1fn9l8
Author / publisher: u/ms_ashes · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-08-03

Stored excerpt: Closed loop cooling still uses water, just about 70% less. The antifreeze chemicals are added to the water. Closed-loop systems also use more electricity than evaporative cooling set-ups, which is the other issue. Depending on how the power is generated, there can be an increase in water use by the power plants used to generate the power.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1veb1gx/guaranteed_tax_revenue_river_funding_affordable/p1fn9l8/

## National Data Center Moratorium Now!

Source ID: pub-food-water-moratorium-letter
Author / publisher: Food & Water Watch and organizational signatories
Source type: community_statement
Date: 2025-12-08

Original: https://www.foodandwaterwatch.org/Org-Letter_-National-Data-Center-Moratorium

## Briefing 04/10/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-04-10
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-04-10

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/briefing-04102025

## District heat and reused water

Source ID: reddit:t1_p10nujh
Author / publisher: u/OctopusMugs · r/datacenter
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-08-01

Stored excerpt: Have any developers come with an approach to develop the data center campus with district heating to surrounding the campus to make use of waste heat? On campus water recycling or district reused water?

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/datacenter/comments/1vbjidk/im_an_economic_developer_who_has_evaluated_data/p10nujh/

## The Data Center Dividend: How America’s AI Infrastructure Is Paying Off for Working Families

Source ID: american-edge-dividend
Author / publisher: American Edge Project
Source type: advocacy_commentary
Date: 2026-06-12

Original: https://americanedgeproject.org/the-data-center-dividend-how-americas-ai-infrastructure-is-paying-off-for-working-families/

## Briefing 04/03/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-04-03
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-04-03

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/u2hem0d3zeqgwk8t1r302p5gl2dtgp

## Microsoft Quincy Water Reuse

Source ID: agreement-quincy-microsoft
Author / publisher: quincy.civicweb.net
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Redline including addenda; clean signed copy needed

Original: https://quincy.civicweb.net/document/18134/Amendment%20to%20Agreement.pdf?handle=C81866952F8542E190C0C13084BC6E2B

## QTS Launches $1 Billion Global Water Stewardship Pledge

Source ID: qts-global-water-2026
Author / publisher: QTS
Source type: corporate_statement
Document status: Global pledge; announced, performance not verified
Date: 2026-09-09

Original: https://q.com/news/qts-launches-1-billion-global-water-stewardship-pledge/

## Briefing 03/06/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-03-06
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-03-06

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/blog-post-title-four-wt7sw

## Household services

Source ID: 2097160679270551885
Author / publisher: WillLewis_1976
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: they need to sign a contract that gives every home in the town FREE internet

Original: https://x.com/WillLewis_1976/status/2097160679270551885

## QTS to Invest $250 Million in Texas Water Infrastructure and Stewardship Over the Next Decade

Source ID: qts-texas-water-2026
Author / publisher: QTS
Source type: corporate_statement
Document status: Texas pledge; part of global initiative, not additive
Date: 2026-08-31

Original: https://q.com/news/qts-to-invest-250-million-in-texas-water-infrastructure-and-stewardship-over-the-next-decade/

## Briefing 02/27/2025

Source ID: dcw-briefing-2025-02-27
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_briefing
Date: Edition 2025-02-27

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/newsletter/1tb41cqde2x9ksm6c5656x98mg0tza

## Key Considerations for Data Center Development

Source ID: pub-bpc-considerations
Author / publisher: Bipartisan Policy Center
Source type: think_tank_report
Date: 2026-07-29

Original: https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/key-considerations-for-data-center-development/

## Water Supply Principles for Data Center Development

Source ID: trc-water-supply-principles-2026
Author / publisher: TRC Companies
Source type: professional_guidance
Document status: Engineering consultancy guidance
Date: 2026-09-10

Stored excerpt: demand under normal, peak, and emergency conditions

Original: https://www.trccompanies.com/insights/water-supply-principles-for-data-center-development/

## Campus expansion

Source ID: 2097159452310806679
Author / publisher: Zetta55Byte
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: A town must negotiate for the future load, not the first building.

Original: https://x.com/Zetta55Byte/status/2097159452310806679

## From Energy Use to Air Quality, the Many Ways Data Centers Affect US Communities

Source ID: pub-wri-community-impacts
Author / publisher: World Resources Institute
Source type: think_tank_report
Date: 2026-02-17

Original: https://www.wri.org/insights/us-data-center-growth-impacts

## Different computing densities

Source ID: reddit:t1_ozqtdiv
Author / publisher: u/Fortunato_NC · r/Georgia
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-07-25

Stored excerpt: I used to rent an entire 52U rack in a Peak 10 datacenter and they supplied me with two 20 amp 120V circuits for the entire rack. Compare that to a modern 8xB300 GPU based server that require three phase 415V power setups that would be the equivalent of pulling 125 amps of 120V (to be clear, no computer equipment exists that runs off 120V and pulls 125 amps continuously).

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/Georgia/comments/1v5p4op/open_ai_annouces_largest_data_center_in_us/ozqtdiv/

## Meta DeKalb

Source ID: agreement-dekalb-water
Author / publisher: www.cityofdekalb.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Approval recorded; original agreement and counterpart review pending; repeat fetch redirect loop, retrieval pending

Original: https://www.cityofdekalb.com/DocumentCenter/View/11931/16-Res-20-120

## Verification before remedies

Source ID: 2097156112575283479
Author / publisher: mcuban
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: A monitoring alert should trigger prompt verification and a required response.

Original: https://x.com/mcuban/status/2097156112575283479

## Goldin DeKalb

Source ID: agreement-dekalb-goldin
Author / publisher: www.cityofdekalb.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: Signed amendment; adopted July 22, 2024

Original: https://www.cityofdekalb.com/DocumentCenter/View/18260/Ord-2024-034-Passed-072224-Goldin-Annex-Dev-Agr-Amend

## Water metering

Source ID: 2097156110121566501
Author / publisher: mcuban
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: Require separate metering of major uses including cooling, independent verification of the water balance, published usage reports, and retained raw data for audit.

Original: https://x.com/mcuban/status/2097156110121566501

## Microsoft Goodyear

Source ID: agreement-goodyear-microsoft
Author / publisher: public.destinyhosted.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: The city agenda includes Resolution 2023-2323 for a fourth amendment. The full executed amendment chain still needs review.

Original: https://public.destinyhosted.com/goodydocs/2023/CC/20230710_1474/1548_1._Res_2023-2323_Microsoft_IDA_Amendment_4.pdf

## Scope of site review

Source ID: 2097156107986718922
Author / publisher: mcuban
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: Study the complete build-out — future phases, cooling equipment, generators, substations, transmission connections, water infrastructure — not the first building.

Original: https://x.com/mcuban/status/2097156107986718922

## Responsible Data Center Development: The Role of State and Local Decision-Makers

Source ID: pub-nrdc-development-roles
Author / publisher: Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
Source type: environmental_report
Date: March 2026

Original: https://www.nrdc.org/sites/default/files/2026-03/Data_Centers_FS_26-03-B_03_locked.pdf

## Project Stonebridge

Source ID: agreement-fort-meade
Author / publisher: npr.brightspotcdn.com
Source type: Agreements
Document status: This source is the Florida commerce secretary’s April 15, 2026 letter, not the development agreement. Later permit outcomes have not been verified.

Original: https://npr.brightspotcdn.com/c1/05/48b3f71a4de98d2aa86e5dede270/fort-meade-data-center-4-15-26.pdf

## Drained by Data: The Cumulative Impact of Data Centers on Regional Water Stress

Source ID: pub-ceres-water-stress
Author / publisher: Ceres
Source type: research_report
Date: September 2025

Original: https://www.ceres.org/download/5369abdc-dab9-49e3-9d65-9e76ebbfa74b

## QTS Digital Gateway North

Source ID: agreement-prince-william
Author / publisher: www.pwcva.gov
Source type: Agreements
Document status: The packet includes proposed proffers and revisions. The county confirms that the rezoning approvals are void; these should not be treated as active project protections.

Original: https://www.pwcva.gov/assets/2023-12/REZ2022-00032%20Proffers%20Packet%2020231210.pdf

## Alternative land uses

Source ID: reddit:t1_oynt564
Author / publisher: u/AlternativeTimes · r/BurlingtonON
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-07-20

Stored excerpt: The last conversation for me is around land use. We only have so much land, is putting a building that nobody physically uses or is really employed by, the best decision for a piece of land? What else could be built here? How many other applicants to build here would really be interested? There are a few big restaurants in this section, they don't seem super busy, it's not a very diserable location. I don't think the city should blindly accept offers from tech overlords.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/BurlingtonON/comments/1v1azvf/cuadro_arch_sent_a_1_page_info_document_on_their/oynt564/

## Comparable public metrics

Source ID: 2097118473767817627
Author / publisher: JennInquisitive
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: I'd like to see public reporting on standardized metrics across all of them.

Original: https://x.com/JennInquisitive/status/2097118473767817627

## State & Regional Interventions

Source ID: pub-ai-now-state-toolkit
Author / publisher: AI Now Institute
Source type: think_tank_report

Original: https://datacenters.ainowinstitute.org/state/

## Backup power and grid support

Source ID: reddit:t1_oymwwsa
Author / publisher: u/dbegbie124 · r/BurlingtonON
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-07-20

Stored excerpt: Battery storage would not be used to back feed the grid. It would only be used to ensure uptime of the building to a point where generators would kick in. I am Not against this btw. Just pointing out the document as a means of trying to address NIBYism. There are lots of Data centra already as everything typed, shared, bank transaction email and post (even this one) are sent through these buildings. It is with the rise of AI they are getting a bad reputation especially if they are water cooled.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/BurlingtonON/comments/1v1azvf/cuadro_arch_sent_a_1_page_info_document_on_their/oymwwsa/

## Reported neighbor observations

Source ID: reddit:t1_ov4gder
Author / publisher: u/fractal_sunny · r/garland
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-07-02

Stored excerpt: I live right across the street and have enjoyed seeing the trees and the cows. I don't want a data center, apartments or businesses. I don't even want houses. And the data centers around the corner are a little worrisome but i don't hear them, they don't create a lot of traffic, i haven't seen issues with water pressure and no one is growing a third eye yet.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/garland/comments/1ul0eg8/data_centers_to_be_discussed_during_july_6_session/ov4gder/

## Cooling requirements

Source ID: 2097104136898773503
Author / publisher: RPisdoingitlive
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-07

Stored excerpt: This contract should contain explicit standards for liquid cooling.

Original: https://x.com/RPisdoingitlive/status/2097104136898773503

## Water-meter comparisons

Source ID: reddit:t1_ov132xz
Author / publisher: u/HedrickForGarland · r/garland
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-07-02

Stored excerpt: The data centers we have are using closed loop cooling systems which don’t use evaporative cooling, and therefore don’t have high water usage. The irrigation meters they have use more water to irrigate the required landscaping that we mandate per code than their operations. Some residential users actually use more water than the data centers whenever they fill up their pools. The datacenters only have about 10 employees which use water to wash their hands and flush toilets with no showers.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/garland/comments/1ul0eg8/data_centers_to_be_discussed_during_july_6_session/ov132xz/

## Load-based terms

Source ID: 2097072806127116333
Author / publisher: mmmclennan
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-07

Stored excerpt: the clauses that matter in a dc contract are curtailment commitments in megawatts, interconnection queue priority, and water draw limits.

Original: https://x.com/mmmclennan/status/2097072806127116333

## Infrastructure and waste heat

Source ID: 2097068010032726232
Author / publisher: Online_Garbage
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-07

Stored excerpt: upgrades to the local electrical infrastructure, help provide funds for nuclear power plants, noise barriers, reuse of water, no subsidies

Original: https://x.com/Online_Garbage/status/2097068010032726232

## Shared negotiating expertise

Source ID: reddit:t3_1ucthyg
Author / publisher: u/Civic_Media · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-post
Date: 2026-06-22

Stored excerpt: State Senator Kelda Roys has proposed a statewide negotiating team — shared experts who level the playing field so any Wisconsin town, big or small, can land a deal that actually works for the people who live there. It's Kelda's idea — but we want to know what you think.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1ucthyg/should_wisconsin_have_a_data_center_negotiating/

## Clause organization

Source ID: 2097044042672386261
Author / publisher: ArtificialUnAI
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-09-07

Stored excerpt: Index benefits to MW energized, not jobs. Claw back every PILOT if water/power/noise fail. Bond decommissioning at close. Ban NDAs on the CBA itself.

Original: https://x.com/ArtificialUnAI/status/2097044042672386261

## Armory Innovation Data Center Project: Summary of Conditional Use Provisions

Source ID: doc-stl-document-1
Author / publisher: City of St. Louis
Source type: government-permit-conditions-summary
Document status: City summary; operative permit not supplied

Original: https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/mayor/documents/upload/Conditional-Use-provisions.pdf

## Conditional support

Source ID: reddit:t1_op5p5r0
Author / publisher: u/c3rbutt · r/BeaverCounty
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-06-01

Stored excerpt: If they can * Guarantee no tax incentives for Switch * Guarantee contributions by Switch to energy grid maintenance costs * Guarantee contributions by Switch to water infrastructure maintenance costs * Guarantee noise level limits with enforceable penalties that actually hurt Then this could be a big win for the county.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/BeaverCounty/comments/1tttjyn/big_beaver_data_center_meeting_tuesday_62/op5p5r0/

## Costs after permit termination

Source ID: reddit:t1_ohp1i5e
Author / publisher: u/garbageprimate · r/StLouis
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-04-22

Stored excerpt: and if they get shut down, what happens with all the costs associated with increased water/electricity infrastructure that would be built to support hyperscale data centers? it's a high possibility these costs are then passed down to average citizens in a major way. i suppose you can say another developer might want to move in to replace those kicked out, but it would seem they might be wary (given the city kicked out the previous tenant) and have some leverage in negotiating in that kind of case.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/StLouis/comments/1srzqt7/data_center_terms/ohp1i5e/

## What happens to a community when a datacenter is done right?

Source ID: 2099199229176791452
Author / publisher: Microsoft
Source type: corporate_statement
Document status: Company account; outcomes attributed to Microsoft
Date: 2026-09-13

Stored excerpt: Twenty years later, you can see the impact.

Original: https://x.com/BradSmi/status/2099199229176791452

## Project Blue FAQ

Source ID: fpc-4400c863a4
Author / publisher: Pima County
Source type: government_source_directory

Original: https://www.pima.gov/3552/Project-Blue-FAQ

## Timing of rate discussions

Source ID: reddit:t1_ohnut5x
Author / publisher: u/mrbmi513 · r/StLouis
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-04-22

Stored excerpt: The water rake hikes were discussed separately from the data center proposal as a way to pay for infrastructure improvements; just bad timing to have that discussion the same day the data center is approved. If anything, officials are saying the larger use customers will benefit everyone at the moment by (generally) contributing a ton more to said infrastructure improvements for all that needed to happen anyway.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/StLouis/comments/1srzqt7/data_center_terms/ohnut5x/

## Fort Meade LLC: Economic Development Ad Valorem Tax Exemption

Source ID: fpc-05f9c2fcac
Author / publisher: Polk County
Source type: public_document
Document status: Ordinance agenda copy
Date: 2025-10-24

Original: https://polkcountyfl.legistar1.com/polkcountyfl/attachments/ac02059f-2c47-47c8-bede-7d33fab30048.pdf

## Correction and remaining uncertainty

Source ID: reddit:t1_ohkaarz
Author / publisher: u/Every-Improvement-28 · r/StLouis
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-04-22

Stored excerpt: No, you’re right, I interpreted it wrong. But the “will help keep the rates down” implication is BS. They will raise the rates as planned for the infrastructure improvements, today - which is significant - and I have no faith that even after the rate hike gain, the revenue gain from the data center water usage will ward off more increases. The revenue not be enough to account for the cost the strain the data center puts on the infrastructure - and it will come right back to us.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/StLouis/comments/1srzqt7/data_center_terms/ohkaarz/

## Request for rate evidence

Source ID: reddit:t1_ohjah7d
Author / publisher: u/DeathCheata · r/StLouis
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2026-04-21

Stored excerpt: Do you have a link to where they used the data center as justification? I would find it kinda weird if they used the data center as a justification since just a month ago the head of the water division was specifically talking about how large water use customers like data centers would help them keep rates down https://www.ksdk.com/article/news/local/st-louis-built-its-water-system-for-a-million-people-fewer-than-300000-are-left-to-pay-for-it/63-45912cef-5972-4df5-ad53-b99f5672c45f

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/StLouis/comments/1srzqt7/data_center_terms/ohjah7d/

## High Quality Jobs Program: Iowa Administrative Code, Chapter 68

Source ID: fpc-1f5a77dcc9
Author / publisher: Iowa Legislature
Source type: public_document
Document status: Administrative rules

Original: https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/iac/chapter/01-07-2026.261.68.pdf

## Armory Innovation Data Center: Project Conditions, Components and Benefits

Source ID: fpc-0aef22a8d8
Author / publisher: City of St. Louis
Source type: public_document
Document status: City project detail sheet

Original: https://www.stlouis-mo.gov/government/departments/mayor/documents/upload/Details-on-Project-Conditions-Components-and-Benefits.pdf

## Good Neighbor Agreement

Source ID: doc-linked-27
Author / publisher: Stillwater Mining Company; Northern Plains Resource Council; Cottonwood Resource Council; Stillwater Protective Association
Source type: good-neighbor-agreement
Document status: Amended text; current compliance unverified
Date: 2023-10-03

Original: https://climate.law.columbia.edu/sites/default/files/content/CBAs/FinalCopy_GNA_2023-10-03.pdf

## Prince William Digital Gateway: Court of Appeals opinion

Source ID: fpc-bf99e65d40
Author / publisher: Court of Appeals of Virginia
Source type: public_document
Document status: Published opinion
Date: 2026-03-31

Original: https://www.vacourts.gov/static/opinions/opncavwp/1584254.pdf

## $64 billion of data center projects have been blocked or delayed amid local opposition

Source ID: dcw-report-2024-2025
Author / publisher: Data Center Watch / 10a Labs
Source type: research_firm_report
Document status: Public report
Date: Covers May 2024–March 2025

Original: https://www.datacenterwatch.org/report

## Enact the Responsible Water Use by Data Centers Act

Source ID: bill-oh-sb378-136-introduced
Author / publisher: Ohio General Assembly
Source type: legislative_proposal
Document status: Legislative proposal · Introduced
Date: Ohio SB378 · Introduced March 16, 2026

Stored excerpt: Each permittee shall submit to the chief an annual report

Original: https://search-prod.lis.state.oh.us/api/v2/general_assembly_136/legislation/sb378/00_IN/pdf/

## "The Data Center Transparency Act"; enact

Source ID: bill-ga-sb421-2025-2026-introduced
Author / publisher: Georgia General Assembly
Source type: legislative_proposal
Document status: Legislative proposal · Introduced
Date: Georgia SB421 · Introduced January 22, 2026

Stored excerpt: information related to the electricity usage or water usage, either consumptive or nonconsumptive

Original: https://www.legis.ga.gov/api/legislation/document/20252026/240138

## Data centers; rainwater harvesting systems.

Source ID: bill-va-sb521-2026-introduced
Author / publisher: Virginia General Assembly
Source type: legislative_proposal
Document status: Legislative proposal · Continued to 2027
Date: Virginia SB521 · Offered January 14, 2026

Stored excerpt: capture rainwater runoff from at least 30 percent of the total roof surface area

Original: https://lis.blob.core.windows.net/files/1090663.PDF

## Executive Order 658: Responsible Data Center Development and Operations in Massachusetts

Source ID: ma-executive-order-658-2026
Author / publisher: Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Source type: government_order
Document status: Executive order; further agency rules and protocols directed
Date: 2026-09-08

Stored excerpt: submitted a community benefits agreement with key stakeholders

Original: https://www.mass.gov/executive-orders/no-658-establishing-requirements-for-responsible-data-center-development-and-operations-in-massachusetts-to-protect-and-support-ratepayers-communities-and-the-environment

## Existing industrial utilities

Source ID: reddit:t1_nprnd9e
Author / publisher: u/metengrinwi · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2025-11-20

Stored excerpt: Power and water infrastructure are another good reason to re-use existing empty factories—they will by definition already have industrial power and water facilities.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1p1cdww/town_of_vienna_rejects_40_million_agreement_to/nprnd9e/

## Papermill Redevelopment

Source ID: wisconsin-rapids-papermill-review
Author / publisher: City of Wisconsin Rapids
Source type: government_project_page
Document status: Project under review; potential CBA, not executed

Stored excerpt: If the project advances, this feedback will be used to shape conditional use permit conditions

Original: https://www.wirapids.gov/612/Papermill-Redevelopment

## PHX 10–11 Infrastructure Development Agreement: First Amendment

Source ID: fpc-3528d1fd62
Author / publisher: City of Goodyear
Source type: public_document
Document status: Resolution and amendment
Date: 2020-07-06

Original: https://legistar.granicus.com/Goodyear/attachments/c62e6e50-547f-4502-810e-189214e86da3.pdf

## Stormwater and wastewater regulation

Source ID: reddit:t1_nppdp7d
Author / publisher: u/Level2intern · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2025-11-19

Stored excerpt: Why do you think this data center would pollute water? Would it not be subject to the same rigorous stormwater management practices as any other industrial developments? I assume they have municipal wastewater and not some private on-site wastewater treatment system. The old water cooled data centers on private wells are problematic. But the newer ones don't use nearly as much water. I just dont understand these perspectives. I work in public utilities and our data centers are not a problem.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1p1cdww/town_of_vienna_rejects_40_million_agreement_to/nppdp7d/

## Houghton Data Center Project: Memorandum of Agreement

Source ID: fpc-4832fd3a85
Author / publisher: Pima County
Source type: public_document
Document status: Agenda attachment; unsigned form
Date: 2025-12-16

Original: https://pima.legistar.com/View.ashx?M=F&ID=15028221&GUID=E5EA6EE3-DB51-4208-9E3D-3BB4A42A4B8E

## Reported cooling system

Source ID: reddit:t1_nabejeg
Author / publisher: u/Physical-Ad-3798 · r/wisconsin
Source type: social-reply
Date: 2025-08-23

Stored excerpt: The data center I work in is a closed loop glycol system. The only water we have in the system is what the glycol comes premixed with.

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/wisconsin/comments/1myatsn/eastern_wisconsin_city_port_washington_approves/nabejeg/

## Cold reception to data center operator from Gibraltar residents

Source ID: exp-reddit-1rrgl2u
Author / publisher: r/downriver
Source type: reddit_link_post

Stored excerpt: The company said the proposed facility would use up to 600 gallons of water per day…

Original: https://www.reddit.com/r/downriver/comments/1rrgl2u/